Chapter 20 What are the differences between long-term, short-term, and working memory?

短时记忆 期限(时间) 混乱 认知心理学 长期记忆 工作记忆 心理学 认知 神经科学 精神分析 量子力学 物理
作者
Nelson Cowan
出处
期刊:Progress in Brain Research [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:: 323-338 被引量:913
标识
DOI:10.1016/s0079-6123(07)00020-9
摘要

In the recent literature there has been considerable confusion about the three types of memory: long-term, short-term, and working memory. This chapter strives to reduce that confusion and makes up-to-date assessments of these types of memory. Long- and short-term memory could differ in two fundamental ways, with only short-term memory demonstrating (1) temporal decay and (2) chunk capacity limits. Both properties of short-term memory are still controversial but the current literature is rather encouraging regarding the existence of both decay and capacity limits. Working memory has been conceived and defined in three different, slightly discrepant ways: as short-term memory applied to cognitive tasks, as a multi-component system that holds and manipulates information in short-term memory, and as the use of attention to manage short-term memory. Regardless of the definition, there are some measures of memory in the short term that seem routine and do not correlate well with cognitive aptitudes and other measures (those usually identified with the term “working memory”) that seem more attention demanding and do correlate well with these aptitudes. The evidence is evaluated and placed within a theoretical framework depicted in Fig. 1.
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