The Role of Non-HDL Cholesterol in Risk Stratification for Coronary Artery Disease

Despite aggressive lipid-lowering therapy, patients continue to be at significant risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Assessment of non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C) provides a measure of cholesterol contained in all atherogenic particles. In the third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) guidelines of the US National Cholesterol Education Program, non–HDL-C was introduced as a secondary target of therapy in persons with triglycerides ≥200 mg/dL. A recent meta-analysis of the relationship between non–HDL-C reduction and CHD risk showed non–HDL-C as an important target of therapy for CHD prevention. Most lipid-modifying drugs used as monotherapy have a 1:1 relationship between percent non–HDL-C lowering and percent CHD reduction. In the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study, 21,448 participants without diabetes or CHD between 45 and 79 years of age were followed for 11.0 years. Participants with high non–HDL-C levels were at increased CHD risk independently of their LDL-C levels. Also, compared to apolipoprotein B, non–HDL-C appears to be a better choice given the fact that no additional tests or costs are needed and established cut points are already available. Future guidelines should emphasize the importance of non–HDL-C for guiding cardiovascular prevention strategies with an increased need to have non–HDL-C reported on routine lipid panels.