A wearable muscle telescopic monitoring sensor with an adjustable double-sponge-modular structure based on triboelectric nanogenerator

Monitoring and analyzing the state of human muscle is becoming a focus of research in exercise and medicine. Traditional devices (EMG, MRI, X-ray, etc.) cannot provide long-term and stable dynamic monitoring of human muscles due to usage scenarios and expert diagnosis. Here we propose a new triboelectric nanogenerator of modular muscle sensor (MMS-TENG), which is based on a flexible conductive sponge, polyurethane sponge, Fluorinated ethylene propylene film, and nylon elastic bandage that can be fixed to the torso of the human body. Due to the modular design of the sensor and three-dimensional grid structure from conductive sponge, and polyurethane sponge, it features an adjustable sensitivity function, allowing for sensitivity adjustments based on workout mode and measurement position. It is fastened to the measured component using an elastic band, with a minimum resolution of 0.001 N and a response delay of 2 ms, with a minimum frequency of 0.1 Hz. It keeps the current output stable for 360,000 cycles. MMS-TENG can capture signals related to the stretching and trembling of muscles. It has great potential in the personal gym and health management, such as correcting train posture, gathering ride data, and monitoring fatigue displays.