Novel Hybrid Particle Swarm and Brainstorm Optimization: Electromagnetic applications with enhanced performance

In this article, we introduce and investigate a hybridization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and brainstorm optimization (BSO). The hybrid BSO–PSO (HBPSO) technique adopts PSO that is initialized by BSO within the starting iterations. The performance of HBPSO is significantly enhanced compared to single BSO or PSO when applied to high-dimensional optimization problems with local minima. The hybrid procedure is validated by showing appropriate convergence curves when applied to six benchmark functions. Guidelines regarding the selection of the inertial factor and switching iteration are investigated and presented accordingly. The proposed HBPSO is then validated using practical optimization tasks. It is demonstrated that HBPSO can outperform single PSO or BSO techniques in addressing representative antenna-related problems, including patch antenna circuit model extraction, conformal antenna array synthesis, and full-wave antenna design problems.