Construction of ecological network based on MSPA-Conefor-MCR at the county scale: A case study in Yanqing District, Beijing, China.

The acceleration of urbanization and the frequent occurrence of natural disasters have led to increasingly fragmented habitats and decreased ecological connectivity, which in turn hinder rural sustainable development. Constructing ecological networks is a key direction in the spatial planning. By strengthening source protection, corridor construction, and ecological control, it can effectively alleviate the contradiction between regional ecological and economic development imbalance and promote biodiversity enhancement. With Yanqing District as an example, we constructed the ecological network by means of the morphological spatial pattern analysis, the connectivity analysis software, and the minimum cumulative resistance model. We analyzed various network elements from a county perspective, and provide suggestions for the development of towns. The results showed that the ecological network of Yanqing District as a whole presented the distribution characteristics of "the Mountain and the Plain". A total of 12 ecological sources were identified, covering an area of 1085.54 km2, accounting for 54.4% of the total area. 66 ecological corridors were screened with a total length of 1057.18 km, including 21 important corridors and 45 general corridors, with the length of which accounting for 32.6% and 67.4%, respectively. 27 first-class ecological nodes and 86 second-class ecological nodes were identified, which were concentrated in "the Mountain" such as Qianjiadian and Zhenzhuquan. The distribution of ecological networks in different towns was closely related to their geographical environment and development orientation. The towns such as Qianjiadian and Zhenzhuquan were located in "the Mountain", covering a wide range of ecological sources and corridors. Strengthening protection of ecological source was the focus of network construction, which can promote the coordinated development of ecology and tourism in towns. The towns such as Liubinbao and Zhangshanying were located at the junction of "the Mountain-Plain", hence strengthening corridor connectivity was the main direction of network construction, which could promote the construction of ecological landscape in towns. The towns such as Yanqing and Kangzhuang were located in the "the Plain", with serious landscape fragmentation due to the lack of ecological sources and corridors. Those towns need to build green livable towns through increasing ecological nodes and strengthening ecological restoration. This study enriched the construction of ecological networks at the county scale, explored the interface with spatial planning, strengthened ecological restoration and ecological control, which had reference value for promoting the sustainable development of towns and the construction of a multi-scale ecological network.城镇化进程的加速与自然灾害的频发导致生境破碎化加剧,生态连通性降低,进而导致乡镇可持续发展受阻。构建生态网络是近年来国土空间规划中的重点方向,通过加强源地保护、廊道建设和生态管控,能够有效缓解区域生态与经济发展不平衡的矛盾,促进生物多样性提升。本研究以延庆区为例,通过形态学空间格局分析、连通性分析和最小累积阻力模型等方法综合构建生态网络,从县域角度分析各网络要素,为乡镇发展提供建议。结果表明: 构建的延庆区生态网络整体呈现出“一山一川”分布特点。识别生态源地12个,面积为1085.54 km2,占比达到54.4%。筛选生态廊道66条,总长度1057.18 km,包括21条重要廊道和45条一般廊道,长度占比分别为32.6%和67.4%。识别出一级生态节点27个,二级生态节点86个,在千家店镇、珍珠泉乡等山区乡镇集中分布。不同乡镇的生态网络分布与其地理环境和发展定位有密切联系:千家店镇和珍珠泉乡等位于“山区”,覆盖生态源地和生态廊道广泛,加强源地保护是网络构建的重点,促进乡镇生态与旅游协同发展;刘斌堡乡和张山营镇等位于“山区-川区”衔接处,以强化廊道连通性作为主要方向,推动乡镇生态景观建设;延庆镇和康庄镇等位于“川区”,生态源地和廊道缺乏,景观破碎化严重,可通过增加生态节点与加强生态修复,打造绿色宜居小镇。本研究丰富了县域尺度生态网络构建,探讨与国土空间规划的衔接,加强生态修复与生态管控,对促进乡镇可持续发展与多尺度生态网络建设具有一定的参考价值。.