The optimized Fenton-like activity of Fe single-atom sites by Fe atomic clusters–mediated electronic configuration modulation

The performance optimization of isolated atomically dispersed metal active sites is critical but challenging. Here, TiO2@Fe species-N-C catalysts with Fe atomic clusters (ACs) and satellite Fe-N4 active sites were fabricated to initiate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation reaction. The AC-induced charge redistribution of single atoms (SAs) was verified, thus strengthening the interaction between SAs and PMS. In detail, the incorporation of ACs optimized the HSO5- oxidation and SO5·- desorption steps, accelerating the reaction progress. As a result, the Vis/TiFeAS/PMS system rapidly eliminated 90.81% of 45 mg/L tetracycline (TC) in 10 min. The reaction process characterization suggested that PMS as an electron donor would transfer electron to Fe species in TiFeAS, generating 1O2. Subsequently, the hVB+ can induce the generation of electron-deficient Fe species, promoting the reaction circulation. This work provides a strategy to construct catalysts with multiple atom assembly-enabled composite active sites for high-efficiency PMS-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs).