Etching MOF nanomaterials: Precise synthesis and electrochemical applications

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been employed for applications in the territory of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and other fields because of its extensive pore size, high specific surface area, and adjustable structures. Nonetheless, traditional MOFs lack stability and electrical conductivity. Etching strategies can create richer defects and metal active sites for MOFs and their derivative nanomaterials, which largely broadens their electrochemistry applications. Therefore, effective etching strategies are crucial for improving the performance of traditional MOFs. In this review, universal etching methods for MOFs such as acid etching, alkali etching, ion etching, in-situ etching are introduced in detail. Their electrochemical applications are highlighted, including the electrocatalysis, sensing, and electrochemical energy storage, such as metal ion batteries, air batteries, supercapacitors, etc. What's more, the future development trends and challenges of etching MOF nanomaterials are also described.