Incorporating motivation and execution into healthy building rating systems based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB)

Although healthy building rating systems include health strategies in the building design and management, they insufficiently consider occupants' motivations to engage in and the execution of health strategies. This study aims 1) to classify the design and management strategies of healthy building rating systems according to occupants’ subjective motivations and objective execution and 2) to optimize healthy building rating systems by applying the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Based on a survey of occupants in WELL certified buildings and the related analysis using structural equation models (SEMs), it was found that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control all had significant positive effects on the health-related behaviours of office workers. Management tools were more effective than design tools in implementing healthy building strategies. Spatial planning design strategies had the most evident intervention effect on personnel engaging in healthy behaviours, while the intelligent automation category had a negative effect on behaviour intentions. This research provides suggestions for optimizing the relevant rating systems of building assessment standards by discussing the typical characteristics of occupants and strategies to promote their engagement in healthy behaviours.