Engineering mechanical nonreciprocity in homogeneous materials: From biomimetic to bioapplications

Nonreciprocity enables even a homogeneous material to break the transmission symmetry and achieve one-way stable transmission of stimuli. This preview expounds the fundamentals of biomimetic nonreciprocal mechanical systems, especially in homogeneous hydrogels, and highlights their potential bioapplications for manipulating cell and cell-material interaction, tissue engineering, and therapeutics fields.