Web-based physical activity programs for individuals with autism spectrum disorder and their parents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in communication, social interaction, and the presence of repetitive behavioral patterns. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a growing interest among researchers to utilize remote physical activity as a means of intervention for individuals with ASD. To our knowledge, there have been a limited number of comprehensive meta-analyses conducted to assess the impact of web-based physical activity (WBPA) interventions. This study aims to consolidate existing evidence from previous research exploring the effects of WBPA on physical activity levels in individuals with ASD, as well as its impact on caregivers' mental well-being and satisfaction with WBPA programs. We reviewed a total of 10 research studies focused on WBPA programs for individuals with ASD and their caregivers, involving 358 participants, with 158 being individuals with ASD and 200 being caregivers. Among these, one study was qualitative, five were quantitative, and four were mixed-method studies. The findings reveal that WBPA has the potential to enhance the physical activity levels of ASD individuals and positively affect the mental health of caregivers. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the majority of caregivers expressed high levels of satisfaction with this particular form of intervention.