Memory Errors and Distortion

Abstract This chapter reviews research on memory errors conducted during the past two decades. It is organized around six major themes that have emerged from, or have been strengthened by, recent research: (a) Susceptibility to different kinds of memory distortions involves some common but largely distinct processes; (b) it is important to characterize subjective experiences associated with memory distortions; (c) sensory reactivation can distinguish between true and false memories under limited conditions; (d) memory specificity has multiple effects on memory distortion; (e) reactivation, recombination, and simulation processes can contribute to memory distortion; and (f) evidence is mounting in support of an adaptive perspective on memory distortion. It is argued that the study of memory errors has made significant advances during the past two decades and that these advances have contributed importantly to the understanding of memory as a fundamentally constructive process.