Numerical investigation on the D-SPR-PQF — High Refractive Index and temperature sensor for transport fuel adulteration

This study presents a Surface Plasmonic Resonance based D-shape oval open loop Photonic Quasi-Crystal Fiber (SPR-PQF). There is necessary to concurrently measure the changes in transport fuels temperature and Refractive index for onsite fuel quality measurements. However, the sensing methods and material selectivity significantly impact the sensor performance. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is a good choice for solving the propagation characteristics of the modes using Maxwell equations. The composite coating of Silver (Ag) and Graphene Oxide (GO) in the open loop D-PQF-structure effectively tunes the SPR condition in the external sensing approach. This FEM-based numerical study reaches the high-temperature sensitivity (22 nm/ ∘C), wavelength Sensitivity (150000 nm/ RIU), amplitude Sensitivity (-6000/ RIU), Figure of Merit (FoM) (1457.85), and detection accuracy (0.66 mg/L, 1.4 mg/L) in the RI range of 1.4185 to 1.448. This sensitivity response is six times larger than the existing SPR PCF sensor in the literature. Hence, this sensor has enormous potential in the petrochemical sensing applications.