Non-Newtonian droplet breakup in a T-junction microdevice containing constriction induced asymmetric parallel branches

Here, we describe the breakup and post-breakup dynamics of a non-Newtonian droplet of xanthan gum aqueous solution in asymmetric parallel branch microdevices. Our experimental results reveal that the droplet breakup regimes, namely, obstruction, tunnel, combined, non-breakup, and parallel, are the functions of xanthan gum concentration and the continuous phase flow rate. We examined the influence of fluid properties on droplet breakup stages by varying the xanthan gum concentration in an aqueous solution that exhibited increasing shear-thinning and elastic properties with its concentration. Four sequential stages (squeezing, transition, pinch-off, and filament thinning) are identified during the droplet breakup process. We found that upstream pressure controlled the squeezing stage, and fluid properties mainly steered the filament rupture stage. A complex interaction between elastic, capillary, and inertial forces further divided the final stage into the stretching and fluid-drainage stages. The Hencky strain characterized the formation of a persistent cylindrical filament in the stretching stage that decayed exponentially in the fluid-drainage stage. Eventually, this study highlights the significance of parallel branches with asymmetric geometric confinements on droplet splitting. Enhanced asymmetry is observed for the elongated filament, emphasizing the dominance of feedback from the downstream confinement.