Wearable Sensors for In Situ Biofluid Analysis

With the advances in flexible electronics, materials, and mechanical designs, wearable sensors have achieved tremendous development for health monitoring. Given the capability to provide insights into health information from the molecular level noninvasively in real time, wearable biochemical sensing technologies bring great opportunities for health monitoring. In this chapter, we discuss the recent advances in wearable sensors for in situ biofluid analysis. By integrating biosensors with high sensitivity, wearable devices serve as an ideal platform for the analysis of biofluids including sweat, saliva, interstitial fluid (ISF), and tears. Taking advantage of high flexibility and lightweight, wearable sensors are widely developed for the in situ quantitative detection of metabolic biomarkers. The technical principles, detection methods, and applications are summarized. The challenges and future perspectives for wearable devices are discussed. With the development of materials, sensing techniques, and manufacturing processing, wearable technologies are paving the way toward personalized medicine.