In situ preparation of controllable hierarchical pores Zr-PDCs metal–organic frameworks for adsorption of glyphosate

In this study, a transformative shift from amorphous to crystalline MOFs was achieved by altering the input sequence of organic ligands, metal sources, and HCl while minimizing the usage of HCl. By adjusting the ratio of HCl, various degrees of ligand and cluster deletions occurred, facilitating precise control over mesopore size from range of 2–5 to 18–31 nm. The experiments demonstrate that the synthesized materials exhibit outstanding pH adsorption capabilities within the range of pH 1 to 10. Particularly noteworthy is the performance of Zr-PDC-20, which displayed excellent equilibrium and maximum adsorption capacities, measuring 210 mg/g and 423 mg/g respectively at pH 7. Importantly, even in solutions containing diverse anions such as NO-3, SO2-4, COOH–, Cl−, and CO2-3, the material exhibited exceptional anti-interference capacities. Consequently, these adsorbents have good adsorption capacity, selectivity, and a broad pH range, enabling the effective and rapid removal of Gly from complex water environments.