Prevention Strategies and Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Abstract Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious intestinal disease which primarily affects preterm infants. The pathogenesis of NEC is multifactorial. Thus, it is complicated to study, prevent, and manage. Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of recent research and provide recommendations for the prevention and management of NEC. Currently, management is supportive and non-specific and long-term outcomes for surgical NEC are poor. Recent Findings The most important strategy to prevent NEC is to provide preterm infants with a human milk diet, minimize exposure to antibiotics and avoid medications that disturb the intestinal microbiome. Summary Strategies to optimize the infant’s intestinal microbiome are critical, as disturbances in the intestinal microbiome composition are a major factor in the pathogenesis of this disease. Optimizing maternal health is also vital to prevent prematurity and neonatal morbidity. Ongoing research holds promise for the implementation of new diagnostic modalities, preventive strategies, and medical treatment options to improve outcomes for premature infants.