Cinnamaldehyde Alleviates Aspirin-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury by regulating PI3K/AKT Pathway-Mediated Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Ferroptosis

Gastric mucosal injury is a chronic and progressive stomach disease that can be caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Therefore, there is an urgent need to find safe and effective drugs to prevent gastric mucosal injury due to NSAIDs. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a bioactive compound extracted from the rhizome of cinnamon and has various pharmacological functions, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant activities. However, the potential pharmacological effect of CA on gastric mucosal injury remains unknown.