Antioxidant, hypoglycemic and protection of acute liver injury activities of Ganoderma lucidum spore water extract

This study determined the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, hypoglycemic activity, and acute liver injury-protective effects of sporoderm-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore water extract (BGLWE). A total of 549 substances were identified in BGLWE, among which, the top three identified substances were nicotinamide (9.75 %), gamma-aminobutyric acid (9.44 %), and phytosphingosine (8.36 %). BGLWE exhibited pronounced scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 of 0.2456, 0.3637, and 3.573 mg/mL, respectively) and also possessed high ferric ion reducing power (absorbance from 0.22 to 3.06). BGLWE showed good inhibitory activities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase (IC50 of 4.87 and 5.06 mg/mL). In animal experiments, compared with the control CCl4 group, the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase of BGLWE were increased by 51.52 % and 41.79 %, respectively, while the malondialdehyde content was decreased by 53.99 %. These results support the use of BGLWE as a natural hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective agent that has potential applications in food and medicine.