Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, and Florfenicol

Chapter 15 Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, and Florfenicol Patricia M. Dowling, Patricia M. DowlingSearch for more papers by this authorHélène Lardé, Hélène LardéSearch for more papers by this author Patricia M. Dowling, Patricia M. DowlingSearch for more papers by this authorHélène Lardé, Hélène LardéSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Patricia M. Dowling DVM, MSc, DACVIM, DACVCP, Patricia M. Dowling DVM, MSc, DACVIM, DACVCP Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of SaskatchewanSearch for more papers by this authorJohn F. Prescott MA, VetMB, PhD, FCAHS, John F. Prescott MA, VetMB, PhD, FCAHS Ontario Veterinary College, University of GuelphSearch for more papers by this authorKeith E. Baptiste BVMS, MSc, PhD, MRCVS, DACVIM, DECEIM, Keith E. Baptiste BVMS, MSc, PhD, MRCVS, DACVIM, DECEIM Danish Medicines Agency (Lægemiddelstyrelsen)Search for more papers by this author First published: 29 November 2024 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119654629.ch15 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookxLinkedInRedditWechat Summary The phenicols are considered highly important antimicrobials in human medicine by the World Health Organization due to their use in human medicine, including treatment of infections transmitted from nonhuman sources. In particular, chloramphenicol is being reinvestigated for its activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus and against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in combination with colistin. Thiamphenicol is used in human medicine in some countries, while florfenicol is used exclusively in veterinary medicine. Chloramphenicol is a potent inhibitor of microbial protein synthesis. Concurrent chloramphenicol and penicillin G are antagonistic in treating bacterial meningitis and endocarditis in humans. Florfenicol shows synergistic activity in combination with thiamphenicol or aminoglycosides as florfenicol acts as an initiating modulator of membrane permeability that allows increased uptake of multiple antibiotics by susceptible Gram-negative bacteria with the potential to reduce the overall usage, drug residues, and withdrawal times. References Abdennebi EH , et al. 1994a . Thiamphenicol pharmacokinetics in sheep . J Vet Pharmacol Ther 17 : 12 . 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1994.tb00515.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Abdennebi EH , et al. 1994b . Thiamphenicol pharmacokinetics in beef and dairy cattle . J Vet Pharmacol Ther 17 : 365 . 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1994.tb00260.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Alcorn J , et al. 2004 . 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