Macroencapsulation Device with Anti-inflammatory Membrane Modification Enhances Long-Term Viability and Function of Transplanted β Cells

Treating type 1 diabetes (T1D) through β-cell macroencapsulation is a promising long-term solution, but it faces challenges such as immune-mediated fibrosis on the capsule surface, which impairs cell functionality and compromises longevity and effectiveness. This study presents an approach for including an anti-inflammatory molecule on the macroencapsulation device (MED) using initiated chemical vapor deposition for the surface modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) membranes. The surface-modified MEDs significantly reduced fibrosis, improved β-cell viability and functionality, and promoted M2 macrophage polarization, which is associated with anti-inflammatory effects. This MED displayed improved glycemic control in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model for 45 days. The findings underscore the potential of surface-modified MEDs for improving T1D management by mitigating inflammation and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of β-cell encapsulation.