古细菌
产甲烷菌
人体微生物群
微生物群
基因组
人类健康
人类疾病
细菌
疾病
胃肠道
医学
生物
微生物学
生物信息学
病理
基因
环境卫生
遗传学
内科学
作者
Christoph Hoegenauer,Heinz F. Hammer,Alexander Mahnert,Christine Moissl‐Eichinger
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41575-022-00673-z
摘要
The human microbiome is strongly interwoven with human health and disease. Besides bacteria, viruses and eukaryotes, numerous archaea are located in the human gastrointestinal tract and are responsible for methane production, which can be measured in clinical methane breath analyses. Methane is an important readout for various diseases, including intestinal methanogen overgrowth. Notably, the archaea responsible for methane production are largely overlooked in human microbiome studies due to their non-bacterial biology and resulting detection issues. As such, their importance for health and disease remains largely unclear to date, in particular as not a single archaeal representative has been deemed to be pathogenic. In this Perspective, we discuss the current knowledge on the clinical relevance of methanogenic archaea. We explain the archaeal unique response to antibiotics and their negative and positive effects on human physiology, and present the current understanding of the use of methane as a diagnostic marker.
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