Revealing the Characteristics of Glucose- and Lactate-Based Chain Elongation for Caproate Production by Caproicibacterium lactatifermentans through Transcriptomic, Bioenergetic, and Regulatory Analyses

Caproicibacterium lactatifermentans is a unique and robust caproate-producing bacterium in the family Oscillospiraceae due to its lactate utilization capability, whereas its close relatives such as Caproicibacterium amylolyticum , Caproiciproducens galactitolivorans , and Caproicibacter fermentans cannot utilize lactate but produce lactate as the main fermentation end product. Moreover, C. lactatifermentans can also utilize several saccharides such as glucose and maltose.