Management of macular oedema due to retinal vein occlusion: An evidence‐based systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Background Central retinal vein occlusion and branch retinal vein occlusion are common causes of visual loss due to associated macular oedema. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of interventions improving vision and treating macular oedema in central retinal vein occlusion and branch retinal vein occlusion. Methods Medical search engines and clinical trial registries were systematically searched. Randomised clinical trials with ≥90 eyes and real‐world outcome studies with ≥100 eyes each with ≥6 months follow‐up were included. Results There were 11 randomised controlled trials evaluating treatments for central retinal vein occlusion which met the inclusion criteria and 10 for branch retinal vein occlusion. There were 10 real world outcome studies of central retinal vein occlusion and 5 real world outcome studies of branch retinal vein occlusion. Meta‐analysis was performed on studies that met the defined inclusion criteria. Main outcomes were change in visual acuity at 6‐, 12‐, 24‐ and 36 months by treatment. Conclusions Intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial derived growth factor is recommended as first line treatment over intravitreal corticosteroid due to its effectiveness and lower rate of ocular adverse events. Best outcomes are achieved when intravitreal treatment is started early. Macular laser may have an adjunctive role in branch retina vein occlusion but not central retinal vein occlusion.