The carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae: a major plant-parasitic nematode requiring more investigation

Summary The present study reviews the knowledge to date on the carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae , which has become the primary threat to the carrot sector following the withdrawal of the last chemical soil fumigants in Europe. A keyword co-occurrence network was used to structure this review into five research areas: i ) biology and epidemiology of H. carotae ; ii ) molecular identification and phylogeny; iii ) population genetics and genomics; iv ) control methods and strategies; and v ) root exudates and hatching stimulation. Our findings indicate that H. carotae is an under-studied plant-parasitic nematode species, with several identified alternative control methods that require further investigation.