Recent advances in nanoenzymes for Alzheimer's disease treatment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the most challenging neurodegenerative disorders to treat, with oxidative stress playing a significant role in its pathology. Recent advancements in nanoenzymes technology offer a promising approach to mitigate this oxidative damage. Nanoenzymes, with their unique enzyme-mimicking activities, effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species and reduce oxidative stress, thereby providing neuroprotective effects. This review delves into the underlying mechanisms of AD, focusing on oxidative stress and its impact on disease progression. We explore the latest developments in nanoenzymes applications for AD treatment, highlighting their multifunctional capabilities and potential for targeted delivery to amyloid-beta plaques. Despite the exciting prospects, the clinical translation of nanoenzymes faces several challenges, including difficulties in brain targeting, consistent quality production, and ensuring safety and biocompatibility. We discuss these limitations in detail, emphasizing the need for rigorous evaluation and standardized protocols. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of nanoenzymes research in AD, shedding light on both the opportunities and obstacles in the path towards effective clinical applications.