Large-scale genome sequencing of giant pandas improves the understanding of population structure and future conservation initiatives

濒危物种 生物 人口 保护遗传学 圈养繁殖 大熊猫 进化生物学 群体基因组学 濒危物种 遗传结构 有效人口规模 近亲繁殖 IUCN红色名录 遗传多样性 生态学 旗舰物种 动物 基因组学 栖息地 基因组 遗传学 人口学 微卫星 等位基因 基因 社会学
作者
Tianming Lan,Shangchen Yang,Haimeng Li,Yi Zhang,Rengui Li,Sunil Kumar Sahu,Wenwen Deng,B. H. Liu,Minhui Shi,Shiqing Wang,Huahua Du,Xiaoyu Huang,Haorong Lu,Shanlin Liu,Tao Deng,Ming‐Huei Chen,Qing Wang,Lei Han,Yajie Zhou,Qiye Li,Desheng Li,Karsten Kristiansen,Qiu‐Hong Wan,Huan Liu,Sheng‐Guo Fang
出处
期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]
卷期号:121 (36)
标识
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2406343121
摘要

The extinction risk of the giant panda has been demoted from “endangered” to “vulnerable” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, but its habitat is more fragmented than ever before, resulting in 33 isolated giant panda populations according to the fourth national survey released by the Chinese government. Further comprehensive investigations of the genetic background and in-depth assessments of the conservation status of wild populations are still necessary and urgently needed. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 612 giant pandas with an average depth of ~26× and generated a high-resolution map of genomic variation with more than 20 million variants covering wild individuals from six mountain ranges and captive representatives in China. We identified distinct genetic clusters within the Minshan population by performing a fine-grained genetic structure. The estimation of inbreeding and genetic load associated with historical population dynamics suggested that future conservation efforts should pay special attention to the Qinling and Liangshan populations. Releasing captive individuals with a genetic background similar to the recipient population appears to be an advantageous genetic rescue strategy for recovering the wild giant panda populations, as this approach introduces fewer deleterious mutations into the wild population than mating with differentiated lineages. These findings emphasize the superiority of large-scale population genomics to provide precise guidelines for future conservation of the giant panda.
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