A narrative review of velocity-based training best practice: The importance of contraction intent vs. movement speed

Plyometrics公司 同心的 物理医学与康复 拉伸缩短周期 心理学 计算机科学 医学 跳跃 物理 数学 量子力学 几何学
作者
David G. Behm,Andreas Konrad,Masatoshi Nakamura,Shahab Alizadeh,Robyn Culleton,Saman Hadjizadeh Anvar,Liam T. Pearson,Rodrigo Ramírez‐Campillo,D. G. Sale
出处
期刊:Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism [NRC Research Press]
标识
DOI:10.1139/apnm-2024-0136
摘要

Explosive movements requiring high force and power outputs are integral to many sports, posing distinct challenges for the neuromuscular system. Traditional resistance training can improve muscle strength, power, endurance, and range of motion; however, evidence regarding its effects on athletic performance, such as sprint speed, agility, and jump height, remains conflicting. The specificity of resistance training movements, including velocity, contraction type, and joint angles affects performance outcomes, demonstrates advantages when matching training modalities with targeted sports activities. However, independent of movement speed, the intent to contract explosively (ballistic) has also demonstrated high velocity-specific training adaptations. The purpose of this narrative review was to assess the impact of explosive or ballistic contraction intent on velocity-specific training adaptations. Such movement intent may predominantly elicit motor efferent neural adaptations, including motor unit recruitment and rate coding enhancements. Plyometrics, which utilize rapid stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) movements may augment high-speed movement efficiency and muscle activation, possibly leading to improved motor control through adaptations like faster eccentric force absorption, reduced amortization periods, and quicker transitions to explosive concentric contractions. An optimal training paradigm for power and performance enhancement might involve a combination of maximal explosive intent training with heavier loads and plyometric exercises with lighter loads at high velocities. This narrative review synthesizes key literature to answer whether contraction intent or movement speed is more critical for athletic performance enhancement, ultimately advocating for an integrative approach to resistance training tailored for sports-specific explosive action.
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