小胶质细胞
纳米载体
神经炎症
蛋白酵素
血脑屏障
药物输送
中枢神经系统
药理学
免疫系统
靶向给药
神经科学
药品
医学
化学
炎症
生物
免疫学
生物化学
有机化学
酶
作者
Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz,Khadije Koushki,Samaneh Keshavarz Hedayati,Alice McCloskey,Prashant Kesharwani,Hossein Piri,Amirhossein Sahebkar
摘要
Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) that target multiple transport mechanisms facilitate targeted delivery of active therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS) and improve therapeutic transport and efficacy across the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). CNS nanotherapeutics mostly target neurons and endothelial cells, however, microglial immune cells are the first line of defense against neuronal damage and brain infections. Through triggering release of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and proteases, microglia can however precipitate neurological damage—a significant factor in neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, microglial inhibitory agents are attracting much attention among those researching and developing novel treatments for neurodegenerative disorders. The most established inhibitors of microglia investigated to date are resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, and minocycline. Thus, there is great interest in developing novel agents that can bypass or easily cross the BBB. One such approach is the use of modified‐nanocarriers as, or for, delivery of, therapeutic agents to the brain and wider CNS. For microglial inhibition, polymeric NPs are the preferred vehicles for choice. Here, we summarize the immunologic and neuroinflammatory role of microglia, established microglia inhibitor agents, challenges of CNS drug delivery, and the nanotherapeutics explored for microglia inhibition to date. We also discuss applications of the currently considered “most useful” polymeric NPs for microglial‐inhibitor drug delivery in CNS‐related diseases.
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