Risk assessment for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in air, blood serum and water: mortality from liver and kidney disease

Over eight outcome risk estimates, the serum PFOA concentrations conferring 1/1000 occupational lifetime risk ranged 44 to 416 ng/mL corresponding to air concentrations ranging 0.21 to 1.99 µg/m³. The analyses provide a preliminary PFOA quantitative risk assessment for liver and kidney disease mortality which, together with reported assessments for several other end-points, would inform policy on PFAS.