[Cone-beam CT analysis of vertical control of mandible and changes of temporomandibular joint in adult patients with skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with high angle].

Objective: To investigate the shape and position changes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in adult skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with high angle patients after vertical mandibular control, and the correlation between vertical mandibular changes and condylar position changes. Methods: Twenty adult skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with high angle patients [6 males and 14 females, aged (21.4±2.4) years] who underwent extraction treatment and active vertical control in the Department of Orthodontics, Lanzhou University Stomatological Hospital from October 2017 to November 2020 were selected. Cone-beam CT data of the patient before and after treatment were imported into Invivo Dental 5.0 software for three-dimensional reconstruction and correction, and the vertical index of mandible in reconstructed lateral cephalogram (mandibular plane angle, posterior anterior height ratio, mandibular true rotation angle) were measured. Incisal angle and variables of condyle shape, position and articular fossa shape were measured. Paired t test was performed on the results before and after treatment, and the correlation between mandibular vertical changes and condylar position changes was determined by Pearson correlation coefficient calculation. Results: After treatment, the overbite and overjet were within normal range, and the vertical height of the molars was controlled. Compared with the measurement before treatment, mandibular plane angle and mandibular true rotation angle were decreased by 2.05°±1.22° (t=7.60, P<0.001) and 1.42°±1.92° (t=3.54, P=0.002), respectively. The posterior anterior height ratio was increased by (1.89±3.32)% (t=2.56, P=0.019). After treatment, the mediolateral diameter of condyle, the anteroposterior diameter of condyle, the maximum cross-sectional area of condyle, the height of condyle head, the width of articular fossa, the depth of articular fossa and the articular nodular angle were increased by (0.55±0.76) mm (t=-2.73, P=0.015), (0.27±3.51) mm (t=-3.23, P=0.006), (6.01±7.36) mm2 (t=-2.80, P=0.013), (0.33±0.72) mm (t=-2.14, P=0.046), (0.56±0.93) mm (t=-2.37, P=0.032), 0.33 (0.14, 0.51) mm (Z=-2.76, P=0.006) and 1.50°±2.40° (t=-2.44, P=0.028), respectively. The internal condylar space and the external condylar space were decreased by (0.33±0.49) mm (t=2.31, P=0.035) and (0.20±0.23) mm (t=3.58, P=0.003), respectively. Before orthodontic treatment, 6 patients were with anterior displacement of the condyle, 7 patients with central position of the condyle, and 7 patients with posterior displacement of the condyle. After correction, patients who were with central position of the condyle have not changed much. The posterior displaced condyle in 2 patients and anterior displaced condyle in 3 patients became in central position after treatment. The joint space index was closer to the central position in 3 patients with anterior displacement and 3 patients with posterior displacement. The position of condyle in 1 patient with posterior displacement and 1 patient with anterior displacement remained basically unchanged. There was a significant negative correlation between the change of the posterior-anterior height ratio and the change of the internal condylar space in patients (r=-0.52, P=0.019), and a low correlation with the contral condylar space and the external condylar space(r=-0.48, P=0.031; r=-0.47, P=0.035). Conclusions: Skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with high angle adult patients achieved normal overbite and overjet and remodeling of condyle and articular fossa occurred after orthodontic treatmnet and vertical control. There was a certain negative correlation between the change of posterior-anterior height ratio and the change of condylar position.目的： 通过锥形束CT探讨骨性Ⅱ类错（牙合）伴高角成人下颌垂直向高度控制矫治前后颞下颌关节形态和位置的变化，以及下颌垂直向变化量与髁突位置变化量之间的相关性，以期为正畸临床诊断和矫治设计提供参考。 方法： 选取2017年10月至2020年11月于兰州大学口腔医院正畸科行减数矫治并进行主动垂直向高度控制的骨性Ⅱ类错（牙合）伴高角成年患者20例，其中男性6例，女性14例，年龄（21.4±2.4）岁。将矫治前后患者锥形束CT导入Invivo Dental 5.0软件进行三维重建和校正后，测量头颅侧位截面的下颌垂直向指标（下颌平面角、后前面高比、下颌真性旋转角）、切道斜度以及髁突形态和位置及关节窝形态指标，并对矫治前后结果进行配对t检验。计算Pearson相关系数，分析下颌垂直向指标变化量与髁突位置变化量的相关性。 结果： 矫治后20例患者前牙覆（牙合）、覆盖正常，磨牙垂直向高度得到控制。与矫治前相比，矫治后下颌平面角显著减小2.05°±1.22°（t=7.60，P<0.001）、后前面高比显著增加（1.89±3.32）%（t=2.56，P=0.019）、下颌真性旋转角显著减小1.42°±1.92°（t=3.54，P=0.002）；矫治后髁突内外径显著增加（0.55±0.76）mm（t=-2.73，P=0.015）、髁突前后径显著增加（0.27±3.51）mm（t=-3.23，P=0.006）、髁突最大轴面面积显著增加（6.01±7.36）mm2（t=-2.80，P=0.013）、髁突头高度显著增加（0.33±0.72）mm（t=-2.14，P=0.046）；关节窝宽度显著增加（0.56±0.93）mm（t=-2.37，P=0.032）、关节窝深度显著增加0.33（0.14，0.51）mm（Z=-2.76，P=0.006）、关节结节角显著增加1.50°±2.40°（t=-2.44，P=0.028）；髁突内间隙显著减小（0.33±0.49）mm（t=2.31，P=0.035）、髁突外间隙显著减小（0.20±0.23）mm（t=3.58，P=0.003）。矫治前6例患者髁突存在前移位、7例髁突为居中位、7例髁突后移位；矫治后髁突居中位者变化不大，2例髁突后移位及3例髁突前移位者矫治后髁突处于居中位，3例髁突前移位及3例髁突后移位者关节间隙指数更接近居中位，1例后移位及1例前移位者髁突位置基本无变化。患者后前面高比变化量与髁突内间隙变化量呈显著负相关（r=-0.52，P=0.019），与髁突中间隙及外间隙呈低度相关（r=-0.48，P=0.031；r=-0.47，P=0.035）。 结论： 骨性Ⅱ类错（牙合）伴高角成年患者经过下颌垂直向高度控制矫治后，前牙覆（牙合）覆盖正常，侧貌改善，同时髁突和关节窝发生适当生理改建。后前面高比变化量与髁突间隙变化量存在一定的负相关关系。.