分子模拟
自身免疫
自身抗体
表位
免疫学
旁观者效应
医学
生物
抗原
自身免疫性疾病
免疫系统
抗体
作者
Douglas Johnson,Wei Jiang
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102962
摘要
Infections are known to trigger flares of autoimmune diseases in humans and serve as an inciting cause of autoimmunity in animals. Evidence suggests a causative role of infections in triggering antigen-specific autoimmunity, previous thought mainly through antigen mimicry. However, an infection can induce bystander autoreactive T and B cell polyclonal activation, believed to result in non-pathogenic and pathogenic autoimmune responses. Lastly, epitope spreading in autoimmunity is a mechanism of epitope changes of autoreactive cells induced by infection, promoting the targeting of additional self-epitopes. This review highlights recent research findings, emphasizes infection-mediated autoimmune responses, and discusses the possible mechanisms involved.
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