化学发光
材料科学
活性氧
体内
荧光
鲁米诺
过氧亚硝酸盐
超氧化物
光化学
生物物理学
生物化学
色谱法
生物
化学
物理
生物技术
酶
量子力学
作者
Jingsheng Huang,Jiaguo Huang,Penghui Cheng,Yuyan Jiang,Kanyi Pu
标识
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202003628
摘要
Abstract Despite the superior sensitivity of chemiluminescence over fluorescence, most chemiluminescence reporters only emit visible light, and have low water solubility, making them poorly equipped for in vivo imaging applications. Herein two near‐infrared (NIR) chemiluminescent reporters (NCRs) with high renal clearance for real‐time imaging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the kidneys are synthesized. NCRs comprise a β‐cyclodextrin unit and a modified dicyanomethylene‐4 H ‐pyran containing Schaap's dioxetane as the renal‐clearance enabler and the chemiluminescent moiety, respectively. NCR1 and NCR2 specifically activate their NIR chemiluminescence towards superoxide anion (O 2 •− ) and peroxynitrite (ONOO − ), respectively. By virtue of their nanomolar sensitivity and high renal clearance, NCRs not only detect subtle upregulation of endogenous RONS in cells but also enable noninvasive monitoring of RONS in the kidneys under nephrotoxic exposure. The earlier activation of NCR1 relative to NCR2 implies the sequential upregulation of O 2 •− and ONOO − during drug‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Moreover, detection of the fluorescence of excreted NCRs permits urinalysis of AKI, detecting the upregulation of RONS at least 24 h earlier than histological analysis. Thus, this study not only introduces ultrasensitive NIR chemiluminescent probes but also provides guidelines to transform them into legitimate imaging agents for organ‐specific in vivo detection.
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