17% Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells with Annealing‐Free Aqueous MoOx

Abstract A charge transport layer based on transition metal‐oxides prepared by an anhydrous sol–gel method normally requires high‐temperature annealing to achieve the desired quality. Although annealing is not a difficult process in the laboratory, it is definitely not a simple process in mass production, such as roll‐to‐roll, because of the inevitable long cooling step that follows. Therefore, the development of an annealing‐free solution‐processable metal‐oxide is essential for the large‐scale commercialization. In this work, a room‐temperature processable annealing‐free “aqueous” MoO x solution is developed and applied in non‐fullerene PBDB‐T‐2F:Y6 solar cells. By adjusting the concentration of water in the sol–gel route, an annealing‐free MoO x with excellent electrical properties is successfully developed. The PBDB‐T‐2F:Y6 solar cell with the general MoO x prepared by the anhydrous sol–gel method shows a low efficiency of 7.7% without annealing. If this anhydrous MoO x is annealed at 200 °C, the efficiency is recovered to 17.1%, which is a normal value typically observed in conventional structure PBDB‐T‐2F:Y6 solar cells. However, without any annealing process, the solar cell with aqueous MoO x exhibits comparable performance of 17.0%. In addition, the solar cell with annealing‐free aqueous MoO x exhibits better performance and stability without high‐temperature annealing compared to the solar cells with PEDOT:PSS.