表观遗传学
表观基因组
生物
癌变
癌症
癌症表观遗传学
组蛋白
小RNA
表观遗传疗法
遗传学
癌症研究
计算生物学
生物信息学
DNA甲基化
基因
组蛋白甲基转移酶
基因表达
作者
Feng Li,Syeda Qasim,Dapeng Li,Q. Ping Dou
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.018
摘要
In-depth insights in cancer biology over the past decades have highlighted the important roles of epigenetic mechanisms in the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis. The cancer epigenome usually experiences multiple alternations, including genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and site-specific DNA hypermethylation, various histone posttranslational modifications, and dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These epigenetic changes are plastic and reversible, and could potentially occur in the early stage of carcinogenesis preceding genetic mutation, offering unique opportunities for intervention therapies. Therefore, targeting the cancer epigenome or cancer epigenetic dysregulation with some selected agents (called epi-drugs) represents an evolving and promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Phytochemicals, as a class of pleiotropic molecules, have manifested great potential in modulating different cancer processes through epigenetic machinery, of which green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the most extensively studied. In this review, we first summarize epigenetic events involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, including DNA/RNA methylations, histone modifications and ncRNAs' dysregulations. We then focus on the recently discovered roles of phytochemicals, with a special emphasis on EGCG, in modulating different cancer processes through regulating epigenetic machinery. We finally discuss limitations of EGCG as an epigenetic modulator for cancer chemoprevention and treatment and offer potential strategies to overcome the shortcomings.
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