法拉第效率
过电位
材料科学
阴极
涂层
金属
电镀(地质)
剥离(纤维)
阳极
碳纤维
钠
复合数
枝晶(数学)
冶金
纳米技术
化学工程
复合材料
电化学
电极
化学
几何学
地球物理学
物理化学
数学
工程类
地质学
作者
Junxiong Wu,Peichao Zou,Muhammad Ihsan‐Ul‐Haq,Nauman Mubarak,Alessandro Susca,Baohua Li,Francesco Ciucci,Jang Kyo Kim
出处
期刊:Small
[Wiley]
日期:2020-09-02
卷期号:16 (40)
被引量:31
标识
DOI:10.1002/smll.202003815
摘要
Abstract Metallic sodium (Na) is an appealing anode material for high‐energy Na batteries. However, Na metal suffers from low coulombic efficiencies and severe dendrite growth during plating/stripping cycles, causing short circuits. As an effective strategy to improve the deposition behavior of Na metal, a 3D carbon foam is developed that is sputter‐coated with gold nanoparticles (Au/CF), forming a functional gradient through its thickness. The highly porous Au/CF host is proven to have gradually varying sodiophilicity, which in turn facilitates initially preferential Na deposition on the gold‐rich, sodiophilic region in a “bottom‐up growth” mode, leading to uniform plating over the entire Au/CF host. This finding contrasts with dendrite formation in the pristine CF host, as proven by in situ microscopy. The Na‐predeposited Au/CF (Na@Au/CF) composite anode operates steadily for 1000 h at a low overpotential of ≈20 mV at 2 mA cm −2 in a symmetric cell. When the composite anode is coupled with a Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 cathode, the full cell has a high capacity of 102.1 mAh g −1 after 500 cycles at 2 C. The sodiophilicity gradient design that is explored in this study offers new insight into developing porous Na metal hosts with highly stable plating/stripping performance for next‐generation Na batteries.
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