Current Application of Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate in Bone Repair and Its Mechanism to Regulate Osteogenesis

间充质干细胞 生物医学工程 骨愈合 再生(生物学) 组织工程 再生医学 骨形成 材料科学 干细胞 医学 外科 细胞生物学 病理 生物 内科学
作者
Haiping Lu,Yinghong Zhou,Yaping Ma,Lan Xiao,Wenjun Ji,Yi Zhang,Xin Wang
出处
期刊:Frontiers in Materials [Frontiers Media SA]
卷期号:8 被引量:24
标识
DOI:10.3389/fmats.2021.698915
摘要

Large segmental bone loss and bone resection due to trauma and/or the presence of tumors and cysts often results in a delay in healing or non-union. Currently, the bone autograft is the most frequently used strategy to manage large bone loss. Nevertheless, autograft harvesting has limitations, namely sourcing of autograft material, the requirement of an invasive procedure, and susceptibility to infection. These disadvantages can result in complications and the development of a bone substitute materials offers a potential alternative to overcome these shortcomings. Among the biomaterials under consideration to date, beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has emerged as a promising material for bone regeneration applications due to its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity properties as well as its superior degradation in vivo. However, current evidence suggests the use β-TCP can in fact delay bone healing and mechanisms for this observation are yet to be comprehensively investigated. In this review, we introduce the broad application of β-TCP in tissue engineering and discuss the different approaches that β-TCP scaffolds are customized, including physical modification (e.g., pore size, porosity and roughness) and the incorporation of metal ions, other materials (e.g., bioactive glass) and stem cells (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells). 3D and 4D printed β-TCP-based scaffolds have also been reviewed. We subsequently discuss how β-TCP can regulate osteogenic processes to aid bone repair/healing, namely osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, formation of blood vessels, release of angiogenic growth factors, and blood clot formation. By way of this review, a deeper understanding of the basic mechanisms of β-TCP for bone repair will be achieved which will aid in the optimization of strategies to promote bone repair and regeneration.

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