Abstract Electrocatalytic water splitting is a promising approach for clean and sustainable hydrogen production. Its large‐scale application relies on the availability of low cost and efficient electrocatalysts. Earth‐abundant transition‐metal carbides, especially molybdenum carbides (Mo x C), are regarded as potential candidates to replace state‐of‐art but expensive platinum‐group electrocatalysts. In this Review, we summarize recent progress in Mo x C electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Nanostructure engineering on the design and preparation of highly efficient electrocatalysts based on Mo x C is presented, followed by the comparison and discussion of HER performance on Mo x C‐based electrocatalysts. Finally, we offer a perspective on the future development of Mo x C‐based electrocatalysts towards HER.