Biohybrid micro/nanomotors for biomedical applications

Inspired by different kinds of functional natural biomotors, highly versatile artificial micro/nanomotors, capable of converting external energies into their own mechanical motion and thus accomplishing the assigned tasks, have been designed and fabricated in the past few decades. Among them, biohybrid micro/nanomotors have been showing enormous potential in many aspects owing to their noteworthy biocompatibility, higher efficiency of energy conversion and many other special characteristics. However, biohybrid motor is still in its early stage and there are many difficulties and challenges ahead of it. Herein, recent progress in biohybrid micro/nanomotors is reviewed, with a special focus on their biomedical applications. With the efforts of brilliant researchers dedicated to this area all over the world, it is expected that biohybrid micro/nanomotors can achieve their translation into clinical practice in the near future.