A comprehensive approach in perceiving the chelation of Cu(II) and Zn(II) with Alizarin Red S using pH-oscillotitrimetric and volumetric-oscillographic methods

In order to understand the chelation process and investigate the intermediate species as a step towards verifying the exact functional groups that are involved in bonding with transition metals, specifically Cu(II) and Zn(II), pH-oscillotitrimetric (pHOT) and volumetric-oscillographic (VOG) methods have been profoundly used. Alizarin Red S (ARS) - as one of the chameleon compounds (chromogenic) - confirms its different approach of bonding with copper and zinc in different mediums. These two methods thoroughly confirm the adequate conditions for each metal to chelate with ARS. pH is responsible for the ambience in which the formation energy in its less value for the salt or complex to be formed, confirming that pH = 5 is the value that allows Cu(II) to bond with ARS, whereas Zn(II) bonds at pH = 6. A new approach has been also suggested as to how to discuss the titrimetric curves in both methods, taking into account the importance of 'volumetric-oscillographs' that give more information when analysed appropriately. Volumetric-oscillographs have been shown and utilized as fingerprint spectrums to track any change in the solutions and firmly expect the compounds that can be step-by-step formed during titration operation. The resulting-in rules have been suggested during reading the graphs. Moreover, the competition between these two metals to chelate with ARS has been extensively studied.