Spatial–Temporal Changes and Influencing Factors of Surface Temperature in Urumqi City Based on Multi-Source Data

Surface temperature is one of the most basic requirements for the biosphere's existence on earth. Hence, to evaluate urban ecoenvironmental quality, investigating the characteristics of the spatial and temporal surface temperature is essential. In this study, multisource spatial data were used to invert Urumqi's surface temperature over a large time span. Characteristics of spatial pattern of the surface temperature were quantitatively analyzed using a spatial autocorrelation and standard deviation ellipse. A geo-detector model was used to determine the correlation between the surface temperature and 10 influencing factors. Urumqi's surface temperature exhibited a significant geographical heterogeneity from 2000 to 2019, such that a clear heat island effect was observed in the city. From 2000 to 2010, sub-high temperature, high temperature, and severe high-temperature centroids changed 30° to the northwest; whereas from 2010 to 2019, the temperature centroid shifted 13° to the southwest. Among all the factors, the impervious surface has greatest impact on the urban heat island effect in Urumqi. The relationship between the impervious surface and other parameters was the most visible in the interaction detection. In the different land use categories, building land exhibited the highest average surface temperature. Compared with other studies, this study considers the influence of natural and human factors on urban heat island effect more comprehensively, and also quantitatively analyzes the difference of different land use types on urban heat island effect, which makes up for the defects of previous qualitative analysis.