食物网
营养水平
理论(学习稳定性)
种内竞争
生物量(生态学)
生态系统
循环(图论)
生物系统
生态学
生物
计算机科学
生化工程
数学
机器学习
工程类
组合数学
作者
Anje‐Margriet Neutel,Hans Heesterbeek,P.C. de Ruiter
出处
期刊:Science
[American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)]
日期:2002-05-10
卷期号:296 (5570): 1120-1123
被引量:716
标识
DOI:10.1126/science.1068326
摘要
Increasing evidence that the strengths of interactions among populations in biological communities form patterns that are crucial for system stability requires clarification of the precise form of these patterns, how they come about, and why they influence stability. We show that in real food webs, interaction strengths are organized in trophic loops in such a way that long loops contain relatively many weak links. We show and explain mathematically that this patterning enhances stability, because it reduces maximum "loop weight" and thus reduces the amount of intraspecific interaction needed for matrix stability. The patterns are brought about by biomass pyramids, a feature common to most ecosystems. Incorporation of biomass pyramids in 104 food-web descriptions reveals that the low weight of the long loops stabilizes complex food webs. Loop-weight analysis could be a useful tool for exploring the structure and organization of complex communities.
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