Global, Regional and National Burden of Bladder Cancer, 1990 to 2016: Results from the GBD Study 2016

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 May 2019Global, Regional and National Burden of Bladder Cancer, 1990 to 2016: Results from the GBD Study 2016This article is commented on by the following:Editorial Comment Hedyeh Ebrahimi, Erfan Amini, Farhad Pishgar, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Behnam Nabavizadeh, Yasna Rostamabadi, Arya Aminorroaya, Christina Fitzmaurice, Farshad Farzadfar, Mohammad Reza Nowroozi, Peter C. Black, and Siamak Daneshmand Hedyeh EbrahimiHedyeh Ebrahimi Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author , Erfan AminiErfan Amini *Correspondence: Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (telephone: +98 21 66903063; FAX: +98 21 66903063; e-mail: E-mail Address: [email protected]). Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author , Farhad PishgarFarhad Pishgar Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author , Sahar Saeedi MoghaddamSahar Saeedi Moghaddam Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author , Behnam NabavizadehBehnam Nabavizadeh Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author , Yasna RostamabadiYasna Rostamabadi Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author , Arya AminorroayaArya Aminorroaya Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author , Christina FitzmauriceChristina Fitzmaurice Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington More articles by this author , Farshad FarzadfarFarshad Farzadfar Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author , Mohammad Reza NowrooziMohammad Reza Nowroozi Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author , Peter C. BlackPeter C. Black Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada More articles by this author , and Siamak DaneshmandSiamak Daneshmand Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Institute of Urology, Los Angeles, California More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000000025AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract Purpose: Bladder cancer is among the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Data on the bladder cancer burden are valuable for policy-making. We aimed to estimate the burden of bladder cancer by country, age group, gender and sociodemographic status between 1990 and 2016. Materials and Methods: Data from vital registration systems and cancer registries were the input to estimate the bladder cancer burden. Mortality was estimated in an ensemble model approach, incidence was estimated by dividing mortality by the mortality-to-incidence ratio and prevalence was estimated using the mortality-to-incidence ratio as a surrogate for survival. We modeled the years lived with disability using disability weights of bladder cancer sequelae. Years of life lost were calculated by multiplying the number of deaths by age by the standard life expectancy at that age. Disability adjusted life-years were calculated by summing the years lived with disability and the years of life lost. Moreover, we also estimated the burden attributable to bladder cancer risk factors, smoking and high fasting plasma glucose using the comparative risk assessment framework of the Global Burden of Disease study. Results: In 2016 there were 437,442 incident cases (95% UI 426,709-447,912) of bladder cancer with an age standardized incidence rate of 6.69/100,000 (95% UI 6.52-6.85). Bladder cancer led to 186,199 deaths (95% UI 180,453-191,686) in 2016 with an age standardized rate of 2.94/100,000 (95% UI 2.85-3.03). Bladder cancer was responsible for 3,315,186 disability adjusted life-years (95% UI 3,193,248-3,425,530) in 2016 with an age standardized rate of 49.45/100,000 (95% UI 47.68-51.11). Of bladder cancer deaths 26.84% (95% UI 19.78-33.91) and 7.29% (95% UI 1.49-16.19) were due to smoking and high fasting glucose, respectively, in 2016. Conclusions: Although the number of bladder cancer incident cases is growing globally, the age standardized incidence and number of deaths are decreasing, as mirrored by a decreasing smoking contribution. References 1. : Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. JAMA Oncol 2018; 4: 1553. Google Scholar 2. : Bladder cancer. 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Google Scholar The corresponding author certifies that, when applicable, a statement(s) has been included in the manuscript documenting institutional review board, ethics committee or ethical review board study approval; principles of Helsinki Declaration were followed in lieu of formal ethics committee approval; institutional animal care and use committee approval; all human subjects provided written informed consent with guarantees of confidentiality; IRB approved protocol number; animal approved project number. Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (GBD). The funders had no roles in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; preparation, review or final approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. No direct or indirect commercial, personal, academic, political, religious or ethical incentive is associated with publishing this article. Supplementary material for this article is available at https://figshare.com/articles/Supplements_docx/7749611. © 2019 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byMyrie A and Matulewicz R (2020) Perceptions of the Link between Smoking and Bladder Cancer among United States AdultsJournal of Urology, VOL. 205, NO. 2, (324-326), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.Related articlesJournal of Urology8 Apr 2019Editorial Comment Volume 201Issue 5May 2019Page: 893-901 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2019 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Keywordscigarette smokingurinary bladder neoplasmsblood glucoseglobal burden of diseasemortalityMetricsAuthor Information Hedyeh Ebrahimi Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author Erfan Amini Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran *Correspondence: Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (telephone: +98 21 66903063; FAX: +98 21 66903063; e-mail: E-mail Address: [email protected]). More articles by this author Farhad Pishgar Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author Behnam Nabavizadeh Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author Yasna Rostamabadi Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author Arya Aminorroaya Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author Christina Fitzmaurice Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington More articles by this author Farshad Farzadfar Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author Mohammad Reza Nowroozi Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran More articles by this author Peter C. Black Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada More articles by this author Siamak Daneshmand Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Institute of Urology, Los Angeles, California More articles by this author Expand All The corresponding author certifies that, when applicable, a statement(s) has been included in the manuscript documenting institutional review board, ethics committee or ethical review board study approval; principles of Helsinki Declaration were followed in lieu of formal ethics committee approval; institutional animal care and use committee approval; all human subjects provided written informed consent with guarantees of confidentiality; IRB approved protocol number; animal approved project number. Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (GBD). The funders had no roles in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; preparation, review or final approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. No direct or indirect commercial, personal, academic, political, religious or ethical incentive is associated with publishing this article. Supplementary material for this article is available at https://figshare.com/articles/Supplements_docx/7749611. Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...