Large Eddy Simulation on the Two‐Phase Flow in a Water Model of Continuous Casting Strand with Gas Injection

The Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulent model coupled with VOF multiphase model and Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model (DPM) is applied to investigate the gas–liquid two‐phase flow and bubble distribution. The drag force, lift force, virtual mass force, and pressure gradient force are incorporated in the current developed model, and the lift force is added via user defined subroutine. The influence of the drag force, the lift force, bubble size, and gas flow rate on the distribution of bubbles and flow field are investigated. The PIV measurements are employed to validate the mathematical model. The results show that the gas injection can affect the flow field and bubble behavior directly. The impingement point on the narrow face and vortex core of the upper recirculation zone moves upward with the increase of gas flow rate. The drag force has distinct influences on the bubble distribution and flow field. The interaction induced by the lift force cannot be ignored. Without the consideration of the lift force, a larger flow velocity will be predicted. Moreover, the lift force has significant effect on the bubble distribution at mold thickness direction, especially the larger bubbles.