Changes in the direction of the diversity–productivity relationship over 15 years of stand development in a planted temperate forest

物种均匀度 种间竞争 生态学 生物 种内竞争 水青冈 物种多样性 山毛榉 优势(遗传学) 生物量(生态学) 生物化学 基因
作者
Tanvir Ahmed Shovon,Sun-Kyung Kang,Michael Scherer‐Lorenzen,Charles A. Nock
出处
期刊:Journal of Ecology [Wiley]
卷期号:110 (5): 1125-1137 被引量:3
标识
DOI:10.1111/1365-2745.13855
摘要

Abstract Experiments manipulating diversity in both forests and grasslands have often observed a positive diversity–productivity relationship (DPR) which tends to strengthen during plant community development. This pattern is generally attributed to an increase in niche complementarity or facilitation. Most analyses do not examine species dominance and density, which also change over time. Moreover, how neighbourhood‐scale interactions among tree species affect the DPR is not well‐understood. We analysed growth and mortality data from the Simplex experiment, a part of the BIOTREE tree diversity experiment. Simplex consists of 36 plots each planted with four common and commercially important tree species to create a gradient of tree species evenness at two tree densities (6667 and 3556 trees ha −1 ). We test whether: (a) the effect of evenness on total above‐ground biomass productivity increase with stand development (year), (b) the effect of evenness on productivity is stronger in dense plots; and (c) intraspecific competition from neighbours negatively affect the growth of dominant species more strongly compared to co‐dominant species, and whether this negative effect is stronger in denser plots. The direction of DPR was initially negative because the fast‐growing long‐lived pioneer Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) dominated. However, with time, shade‐tolerant Norway spruce ( Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) increased in abundance (by biomass), and the relationship between evenness and biomass increment changed from negative to positive in high‐density plots. Neighbourhood analyses revealed that for Douglas fir and Norway spruce, conspecifics reduced individual growth rates across density levels and years. Synthesis . We observed a shift in the diversity–productivity relationship over 15 years in our experiment. Over time, increasing intraspecific competition limited the increment of the abundant Douglas fir in uneven plots, and a persistent increase in the abundance (by biomass) of shade‐tolerant Norway spruce and European beech in even plots led to a higher community biomass increment, which led to a positive DPR. Emergence of a positive DPR in temperate forest plantations requires significant time and is importantly promoted by diversity at the neighbourhood scale (intimate mixtures) as well as higher density planting.
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