Ophthalmic preparations

The chapter introduces various ophthalmic preparations, including solution, gel-forming solutions, powders, suspensions, ointments, emulsions, in situ gels, inserts, and soft contact lens with recent advancement in each dosage forms. The corneal absorption and transport of drugs according to the hydrodynamic principles are outlined. The different sites for ocular drug delivery/administration such as topical, intraocular, intravitreal, juxtascleral, intracameral, subconjunctival, retrobulbar are discussed in detail with recent advancements and limitations. At the end of the chapter the characteristics of the ophthalmic preparations, packaging, and antimicrobial preservatives are outlined.