Influence of Methylene Blue or Dimethyl Sulfoxide on Larval Zebrafish Development and Behavior

斑马鱼 生物 二甲基亚砜 亚甲蓝 神经毒性 毒性 幼虫 毒理 发育毒性 生物化学 内科学 生态学 化学 遗传学 医学 基因 光催化 催化作用 有机化学 妊娠期 怀孕
作者
Joan M. Hedge,Deborah L. Hunter,Erik Sanders,Kimberly A. Jarema,Jeanene K. Olin,Katy N. Britton,Morgan Lowery,Bridget R. Knapp,Stephanie Padilla,Bridgett N. Hill
出处
期刊:Zebrafish [Mary Ann Liebert]
卷期号:20 (4): 132-145 被引量:5
标识
DOI:10.1089/zeb.2023.0017
摘要

The use of larval zebrafish developmental testing and assessment, specifically larval zebrafish locomotor activity, has been recognized as a higher throughput testing strategy to identify developmentally toxic and neurotoxic chemicals. There are, however, no standardized protocols for this type of assay, which could result in confounding variables being overlooked. Two chemicals commonly employed during early-life stage zebrafish assays, methylene blue (antifungal agent) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, a commonly used vehicle) have been reported to affect the morphology and behavior of freshwater fish. In this study, we conducted developmental toxicity (morphology) and neurotoxicity (behavior) assessments of commonly employed concentrations for both chemicals (0.6-10.0 μM methylene blue; 0.3%-1.0% v/v DMSO). A light-dark transition behavioral testing paradigm was applied to morphologically normal, 6 days postfertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae kept at 26°C. Additionally, an acute DMSO challenge was administered based on early-life stage zebrafish assays typically used in this research area. Results from developmental toxicity screens were similar between both chemicals with no morphological abnormalities detected at any of the concentrations tested. However, neurodevelopmental results were mixed between the two chemicals of interest. Methylene blue resulted in no behavioral changes up to the highest concentration tested, 10.0 μM. By contrast, DMSO altered larval behavior following developmental exposure at concentrations as low as 0.5% (v/v) and exhibited differential concentration-response patterns in the light and dark photoperiods. These results indicate that developmental DMSO exposure can affect larval zebrafish locomotor activity at routinely used concentrations in developmental neurotoxicity assessments, whereas methylene blue does not appear to be developmentally or neurodevelopmentally toxic to larval zebrafish at routinely used concentrations. These results also highlight the importance of understanding the influence of experimental conditions on larval zebrafish locomotor activity that may ultimately confound the interpretation of results.
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