高尿酸血症
黄嘌呤氧化酶
尿酸
痛风
嘌呤
药理学
嘌呤代谢
活性氧
化学
生物化学
医学
内科学
酶
作者
Chun-Hong Lai,Hui‐Chen Lo
出处
期刊:International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms
日期:2024-01-01
卷期号:26 (7): 1-12
标识
DOI:10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053556
摘要
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of serum uric acid, the product of purine metabolism. The primary symptom of HUA is gout; however, asymptomatic HUA is associated with complications such as hypertension, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. The activation of xanthine oxidase (XO), a pivotal enzyme in uric acid biosynthesis, is coupled with extensive reactive oxygen species generation, leading to inflammatory responses, and triggers the development of HUA and its complications. In clinical practice, XO inhibitors are primarily used to treat HUA; however, their prolonged use is accompanied by serious adverse effects. Mushrooms and their bioactive constituents have shown promising anti-HUA activities in both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies, including inhibition of urate production, modulation of renal urate transporters, enhancement of intestinal uric acid excretion, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimetabolic syndrome properties. Clinical trials are necessary to validate the beneficial effects and safety of mushrooms in preventing or alleviating HUA and attenuating the associated complications. This review presents contemporary insights into the pathogenesis of HUA, the bioactive components of mushrooms, their therapeutic potential, and the underlying mechanisms involved in ameliorating HUA.
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