Recent progress of flexible electrospun nanofibers based triboelectric nanogenerators for self-powered electronics

Abstract The depletion of fossil fuels and the environmental impact of chemical batteries, coupled with the rapid proliferation of portable electronic devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), have created an urgent demand for high-performance, lightweight, and sustainable energy systems. Flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a promising technology for powering self-sufficient devices, offering advantages such as simple structure, flexibility, low cost, and environmental adaptability. In particular, electrospun nanofiber-based TENGs stand out due to their enhanced surface area, superior charge collection capabilities, and improved mechanical durability. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in electrospun nanofiber-based TENGs, focusing on material selection, structural design, fabrication techniques, and their integration into applications ranging from self-powered sensors to wearable electronics. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges and future directions in optimizing the performance and scalability of TENGs to meet the growing demands of next-generation, energy-efficient technologies. It is hoped that this review will help researchers to gain a deeper understanding of this field and promote its development to a new stage.