Comparison of clinical outcomes and prognosis between total pancreatectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Background To compare the clinical outcomes and prognosis of total pancreatectomy (TP) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and to explore the safety and indications of TP. Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases from January 1943 to March 2023 for literatures comparing TP and PD in the treatment of PDAC. The primary outcome was postoperative overall survival (OS), and secondary outcomes included surgery time, blood loss, readmission, hospital stay, perioperative mortality, and overall morbidity. Fixed‐effect or random‐effect models were selected based on heterogeneity, and odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD), or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results A total of six studies involving 8396 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in OS after surgery between the two groups (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.91–1.27; P = 0.38). The TP group had a longer surgery time (MD = 13.66, 95% CI: 4.57–22.75; P = 0.003) and more blood loss (MD = 133.17, 95% CI: 8.00–258.33; P = 0.04) than the PD group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of hospital stay (MD = 0.09, 95% CI: −2.04 to 2.22; P = 0.93), readmission rate (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.00–1.92; P = 0.05), perioperative mortality (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.98–1.69; P = 0.07), and overall morbidity (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.50–1.26; P = 0.33). Conclusion The surgical process of TP is relatively complex, but there is no difference in short‐term clinical outcomes and OS compared to PD, making it a safe and reliable procedure. Indications and treatment outcomes for planned TP and salvage TP may differ, and more research is needed in the future for further classification and verification