The spatial spillover effect of seaport capacity on export trade: Evidence from China pilot free trade zones

Ports play a pivotal role in driving regional development, particularly in the context of the economy and trade. Seaports, in particular, function as gateways for export trade and contribute significantly to economic growth. This research utilizes the coastal China pilot free trade zones (PFTZs) as a case study to investigate the impact of seaport capacity on export trade. Using panel data covering 114 cities (including 51 seaport cities) within PFTZs in coastal China during 2008–2019, this paper employs statistical and spatial econometric methods to investigate whether seaport capacity has direct influence on export trade in PFTZs, as well as the spatial spillover effect of seaport capacity on nearby cities. Our findings reveal a statistically significant and positive relationship between seaport capacity and export trade in port cities located within China pilot Free Trade Zones, as well as a spatial spillover effect affecting the surrounding cities. The findings of this study considerable value for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to boost the competitiveness of seaports and promote export-oriented economies in the coastal regions of China PFTZs.